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 Shrimp
Farming … Present
by Power Point ... |
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The present system
of shrimps farming (Intensive shrimp culture system) would
create wastes both from organic chemicals and non-organic
chemicals in abundance, also from leftover feed and
their excrements extract of plankton; when the
piling up got accumulated, it would become poisonous
substance, poisonous gas would give stress to shrimps,
such as ammonia nitrite. If fair amount of poisonous
gas still remained, it would affect against growth
rate, survival rate in a well managed system, there
would be a balance in ecological system,
there would be a balance of living creatures in the pond,
plankton plants, plankton animals and bacterium in the
ponds would do their duties in getting rid of organic
chemicals, and non-organic out of the ponds helping to
reduce poison problems for the shrimps. However, in a
farming system where the ponds became congested, the
use of bacterium to help dissolving is imperative in
order to quickly keep a balance in the ponds. It prevents
plankton getting too blooming and also helps pH in the
ponds stay static. The increase of bacterium into the
ponds will also increase the need of oxygen in the ponds.
By nature, bacterium already do these duties but in case
there are a lot of feed substances to maintain efficiency
in eliminating wastes, so there is a need to increase
bacterium into the ecological system. |
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| The farming of black tiger shrimps ( Paenaeus
monodon ) is an export industry of Thailand and has
brought in a great deal of foreign currency but farmers still
suffer from lower yields problems, small-sized prawns, problems
on infected disease, such as Yellow-head virus, White-spot
syndrome virus and Vibriosis and also encounter with disaster
from environment. Oxygen level in the water level in the
water (DO) is low, there are dregs hanging high, plankton
bloom affecting water quality of Soil at pond’s bottom
gets degenerated. Thus causing death of shrimps; they do
not grow low crop of shrimps. Farmers are making ever effort
to have problems soled. As a result, the use of microbes
to solve the problem of organic chemicals, various poisonous
gases would help solve problems. |
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| Performance
of microbes in the ponds is a process creating balance of fed
substance and organic chemicals to male them compatible with
the existence of microbes. Some poisonous gases exist in the
ponds at a high level may affect the health of the shrimps,
for example, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, hydrogen sulphite,
these gases of which bacterium need to make them a source of
energy by passing oxidize process. The end-result is automatic
reduction of the poison of gases. The main wastes in the ponds
come from excrement and uneaten shrimp feed and dregs of plankton,
which are dead and must depend on various bacterium to dissolve,
thus becoming carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O) and nitrogen
gases (N2); bacterium in large amount in general use are
the types that do not create disease (Non Pathogenic) their
duties include getting rid of wastes from the ponds but the
efficiency of eliminating wastes depends on the type
of bacteria, but if having completely selected species, then
efficiency is certain in getting rid of wastes. Bacterium will
live on until sources of energy or food get exhausted, being
unable to control the shrimp population at all times. So, bacterium
must be refilled every 7-10 days, depending on wastes in the
ponds. These bacterium need oxygen at work, the adding of microbes
must be followed by adding of oxygen (O2) by turning on water
propellers to allow bacterium to work properly. |
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Many species of bacterium are able to use ammonia, nitrite
and hydrogen sulphide as energy source and change into nitrate
and sulphate which has less poisonous substance in the
well-manages ponds. Bacterium can change nitrate to nitrogen
gases and release into the air.
Some weeds. For instance, Chorella spp when having used
ammonia, nitrite, nitrate as food, changed to protein; this is
to help reducing amount of ammonia and reducing stress for shrimps. |
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